In-text citations are

- brief references in the body of your paper that direct readers to the corresponding Reference List.

- used any time you quote, paraphrase, or otherwise reference the work of someone else.

Visit Purdue OWL for more information on in-text citations.

Basic form for book citations (from Purdue OWL):

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Publisher Name. DOI (if available)

Example of a book citation:

Morrison, T. (1998). Paradise. Knopf.

Basic form for article citations (from Purdue OWL):

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), pages. https://doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyy

    Example of an article citation:

Krumholz, L. J. (2002). Reading and insight in Toni Morrison’s Paradise. African American Review, 36(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.2307/2903362

Basic form for website citations (from Purdue OWL):

Website made by an individual

Last name, F. M. (Year, Month Date). Title of page. Site Name. URL

Website made by a group or an organization

Group name. (Year, Month Date). Title of page. Site Name. URL

Example of a website citation:

Example citation of a website made by an individual

Atari, B. "Toni Morrison: The Life of a Literary Giant." The Dig, Howard University, 5 July 2022. thedig.howard.edu/all-stories/toni-morrison-life-literary-giant. 14 July 2024.

Example citation of a website made by a group or an organization

The Toni Morrison Society. (2025, September 19). About the Society. The Official Website of The Toni Morrison Society. https://www.tonimorrisonsociety.org/